Note: The English spelling of Japanese terms is far from standardised. Different sources may use a different spelling than the one shown here. It is more important to understand the phonetic sound of the term, so that you recognise it when it is used in training.

General Terms
Stances (Dachi)
Blocks (Uke)
Punches (Tsuki)
Strikes (Uchi)
Kicks (Geri)

Traditional Okinawan Karate Weapons
There are five traditional weapons, BO, KAMA, NUNCHAKU, SAI and TONFA. Many of the striking and blocking techniques have been adapted for use when armed with these weapons.

Goju Ryu Katas
Katas are a sequence of pre-defined movements that include the attack and defence against one or more imaginary attackers. They are practiced alone to perfect the movements and to learn how to move more efficiently. Many Katas contain karate techniques that are not obvious to an onlooker (and sometimes not even to the student performing the Kata). The practical application of the Katas is called BUNKAI. Katas and their applications are an integral part of the grading system. There are twelve Katas in the Okinawan Goju-Ryu Kata List

GEKISAI-DAI-ICHI & GEKISAI-DAI-NI
Gekisai means "to destroy or demolish". These Katas were created by Chojun Miyagi and are designed for beginners. They contain exaggerated movements and are relatively easy to learn.

SAIFA
Saifa means, "tearing" and is of Naha-te origin. It is also known as "Circle/Circular" Kata

SEIYUNCHIN
Seiyunchin is said to mean "marching far quietly" or "pulling" and is also known as the "Earth" or "Dragon" Kata. It is of Chinese origin.

SHISOCHIN
Shisochin means, "fighting four" and refers to fighting in four directions and is of Chinese origin having been taught to Kanryo Higoanna by Ryu Ryu Ku

SANSERU
Sanseru when written in Chinese characters is the number 36. It also focuses on fighting in all four directions

SEPAI
Sepai is the number 18. It is of Chinese origin

KURURUNFA
Kururunfa is an advanced Kata. It is also of Chinese origin

SEISAN
Seisan means "thirteen hands". It contains eight defensive and five offensive moves

SUPERINPEI
Superinpei is the number 108 and is said to refer to a warrior group of 108 men who, in the 1600's travelled the countryside righting wrongs - Robin Hood style

SANCHIN
Sanchin means "three battles" - the three being the body, the mind and the spirit. Kanryo Higoanna brought it back from China

TENSHO
Tensho means "flowing or changing hands". Tensho is also known as "Heavenly Palm". Chojun Miyagi created it. It is a combination of dynamic tension and deep breathing with soft flowing hand movements

Commands
Instructors Commands

Command	Meaning
SHUGO	Line up
KI O TSUKE (key-scay)	Attention
SEIZA (say-tsar)	Kneel
MOKUSO	Meditation (Close eyes)
MOKUSO YAME	Open eyes
SHOMEN NI	Face forward
REI (ray)	Bow
KIRITSU (care-writ-sue)	Stand up

On bowing to Sensei at beginning of session (or on commencing training with another student Karate-ka will say: ONEGAISHIMASU - "ONARGI SHIMAS" - (Please teach me).

On completion of training, (or working with a partner) Karate-ka will say: "ARIGATO-GOZAIMASHITA" - (Thank you very much).

Instructions

Command	Meaning
YOI (yoy)	Ready i.e. in musubi dachi position
KAMAE (cam-I)	On guard i.e. take up your position ready to fight or assume a set position as in moving basics
HAJIME	Begin (or continue) at your own speed or count
MAWATTE	Turn round or "about face"
ASHI O KAETE	Change leg (stance)
MO ICHI DO	One last time
YAME	Stop

Counting to Ten

Japanese Word	Number
ICHI (itch)	One
NI (knee)	Two
SAN (san)	Three
SHI (she)	Four
GO (go)	Five
ROKU	Six
SHICHI	Seven
HACHI	Eight
KU (coo)	Nine
JU (due)	Ten

Body Areas

Japanese Word	Meaning
JODAN (jo-dan)	Upper area: from the collar up, the face.
CHUDAN (choo-dan)	Centre area: from the collar to the belt, stomach.
GEDAN (gay-dan)	Low area: groin.

Grades

KYU Grades		DAN Grades
Tenth Kyu	White Belt	Shodan	Black Belt (1st Dan)
Ninth Kyu	Yellow Belt	Nidan	2nd Dan
Eighth Kyu	Orange Belt	Sandan	3rd Dan
Seventh Kyu	Green Belt	Yondan	4th Dan
Sixth Kyu	Blue Belt	Godan	5th Dan
Fifth Kyu	Purple Belt	Rokudan	6th Dan
Fourth Kyu	Purple/White Belt	Nanadan	7th Dan
Third Kyu	Brown Belt	Hachidan	8th Dan
Second Kyu	Brown Belt with one black band	Kudan	9th Dan
First Kyu	Brown Belt with two black bands	Judan	10th Dan

Notes:

• Dan Grades are only conferred at a Gasshuku (held twice yearly - summer & winter)
• There is a minimum two-year qualification period from 3rd Kyu to 1st Dan
• Other qualification periods and age restrictions apply to the Dan grades
• Juniors are awarded Mon grades between Kyu grades. There are three Mon grades between each Kyu grade � signified by striped belts.
• Junior Grades
  • 10th Kyu = White belt
  • 10th Kyu 1st mon = white belt yellow stripe
  • 10th Kyu 2nd mon = white belt blue stripe
  • 10th Kyu 3rd mon = white belt black stripe
  • 9th Kyu = Yellow belt
  • 9th Kyu 1st mon = yellow belt white stripe
  • 9th Kyu 2nd mon = yellow belt green stripe
  • 9th Kyu 3rd mon = yellow belt black stripe
  • 8th Kyu = Orange belt
  • 8th Kyu 1st mon = orange belt white stripe
  • 8th Kyu 2nd mon = orange belt yellow stripe
  • 8th Kyu 3rd mon = orange belt black stripe
  • 7th Kyu = Green belt
  • 7th Kyu 1st mon = green belt white stripe
  • 7th Kyu 2nd mon = green belt blue stripe
  • 7th Kyu 3rd mon = green belt black stripe
  • 6th Kyu = Blue belt
  • 6th Kyu 1st mon = blue belt white stripe
  • 6th Kyu 2nd mon = blue belt red stripe
  • 6th Kyu 3rd mon = blue belt black stripe
  • 5th Kyu = Purple belt
  • 5th Kyu 1st mon = purple belt brown stripe
  • 5th Kyu 2nd mon = purple belt black stripe
  • 5th Kyu 3rd mon = purple belt black stripe with 1 black tape at end of belt
  • 4th Kyu = Purple belt white stripe
  • 4th Kyu 1st mon = purple belt 2 white stripes
  • 4th Kyu 2nd mon = purple belt 2 white stripes with 1 black tape at end of belt
  • 4th Kyu 3rd mon = purple belt 2 white stripes with 2 black tape at end of belt
  • 3rd kyu = Brown belt
  • 2nd kyu = Brown belt 1 black tag
  • 1st Kyu = Brown belt 2 black tags
• Depending on age, Juniors can become a Junior 1st Dan or a 1st or 2nd Dan Cadet

Striking & Blocking

Japanese Term	Image	Desription
TSUKI		1 or 2 knuckles
TSUKI		1 or 2 knuckles
UKE		Both sides of forearm
HAITO		Thumb side of hand
SHUTO		Little finger side of hand
TETTSUI		Side of fist
URAKEN		Knuckles
SHOTEI		Heel of palm
NUKITE		Fingertips
EMPI		Elbow
EMPI		Elbow
EMPI		Elbow
MAE GERI		Ball of foot
MAE GERI		Ball of foot
KINGERI		Top of outstretched foot
KANSETSU/YOKO GERI		Heel
MAEWASHI GERI		Top of outstretched foot
HIZA GERI		Knee
VITAL POINTS		Vital points

Training Equipment
CHISHI (SHI SHI)
The CHISHI consists of a short wooden staff with a stone or cast concrete on one end. It is used for a variety of training exercises designed to strengthen the arms, particularly the wrists. It can also be used for conditioning the hands and strengthening the legs.

How to make a CHISHI

You will need:

• An empty tin. Size according to the weight required, e.g. baked bean, dog food or paint cans.
• A length of broom handle to reach from the floor to 6cm. above the knee.
• 2 long nails or screws.
• Sufficient cement to fill can.

To make:

• Drill through the handle twice at one end at right angles and put the nails / screws through.
• Stand the handle in the centre of the can, with the nails inside can, and support upright if necessary.
• Pour in cement, and leave to harden.
• Rub down handle and paint the tin if required.

When using a large tin, it may be advisable to half fill tin and add a second layer after a period of training.

The other training equipment used by Camberley Martial Arts includes:

• Makiwara (Striking board)
• Kick shields
• Focus pads
• Punch bags

(All above designed to improve focus and striking accuracy)

• Konga Ken (Oval metal weight) It is used to build up strength and improve balance
• Nigiri-game (Gripping jars)
• Ishisashi (Stone padlocks)
• Tan (Barbell)